Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Arterial blood gas interpretation felicia ratnaraj internal medicine pgy 3 pm report. An arterial blood gas abg is a test that measures the oxygen tension pao 2, carbon dioxide tension paco 2, acidity ph, oxyhemoglobin saturation sao 2, and bicarbonate hco 3 concentration in arterial blood. Arterial blood gas studies alarmed with the exchange of gases between blood and the lungs between tissues and blood.
Learn an organized approach to arterial blood gas analysis, incorporating serum and urine electrolyte values into your more advanced levels of analysis. Arterial blood gas determinations of pco2 provide the most accurate determinations of the adequacy of alveolar ventilation, but capillary, transcutaneous, and end tidal techniques are also useful. Discuss causes and treatments of respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic. It provides us with information about ventilation, oxygenation. Arterial blood gas interpretation teaching medicine. Arterial blood gas abg interpretation for medical students, osces and mrcp. In 21 healthy calves, 16 months old, the interrelationship and comparability of acidbase balance variables ph, hco3, be and blood gases pco2, po2, and sato2 were evaluated in arterial. This is because of heightening awareness that factors other than intrapulmonary abnormalities can affect the arterial po2 and pco2. We searched medline, cinahl, and cochrane library database for articles published between january 1990 and december 2012. To view more videos, check out the acls certification institute at. Arterial blood bas abg procedure and interpretation. Jan 26, 2015 other useful information from arterial blood gases.
Thus, will be impaired in lung disease such as copd. An abg test is often done for a person who is in the hospital because of severe injury or illness. Analysis of arterial blood gases a comprehensive approach ms barthwal abstract the arterial blood gases is one of the most important investigation for assessment of clinical oxygenation and acidbase status in critically ill patients. Information in this article therefore also applies to analysing capillary samples. Know some of the indications and contraindications for performing an arterial puncture. The wide range of oxygenation values between arterial and venous blood is the reason why the peripheral venous blood is never used to measure the patients status of oxygenation, table 3 6.
Arterial blood gas subinternship in critical care medicine. However, the femoral artery and brachial artery can be used if necessary. Interpreting an arterial blood gas abg is a crucial skill for physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other health care personnel. Arterial blood gas abg values provide information about acidbase statusunderlying cause of imbalancebodys ability to regulate phoverall oxygen status if. The blood gas components value from mixed venous blood and arterial blood is nearly the same except for oxygen pressure po 2 and saturation so 2. Print primer 237k pdf uwnet id required clinical cases in arterial blood gas analysis. The delicate balance between too little and too much can best be reached and maintained by a. The usefulness of this diagnostic tool is dependent on being able to correctly interpret the results. Arterial blood can be obtained from an artery in your wrist, arm, or groin, or preexisting arterial line if you are currently. Aarc clinical practice guideline blood gas analysis and. Arterial blood gases values normal ranges and procedure.
Arterial blood gas analysis is an important diagnostic tool in the management of sick equine neonates. It is also used to assess integrity of the ventilatory control system and to determine the acidbas level of the blood. Interpretation of thearterial blood gas analysis dm seminar dr. The interpretation of arterial blood gases sciencedirect. Arterial blood gas analysis has become an essential skill for all healthcare practitioners. Understanding the significance of these results, and knowing when medical. Differences between arterial and capillary results are so slight that for practical purposes they can be considered identical. Pdf interpretation of arterial blood gas researchgate. Indications, interpretations, and clinical applications m etabolic derangements and respiratory distress are common presenting problems in emergency medicine. Interpreting results and understanding their relevance is a useful skill for any nurse.
Components of the arterial blood gas the arterial blood gas provides the following values. Here is a series of clinical cases involving patients and arterial blood gases. Interpretation of blood gas and acidbase data julia h. Arterial blood gas abg interpretation is something many medical students find difficult to grasp weve been there.
Giving too much oxygen may seriously damage the lungs, while mechanical hyperventilation may cause severe alkalosis with possible coma and death. Interpretation of arterial blood gases abgs david a. Your doctor may run a blood gas analysis or arterial blood gas abg test if you are showing the signs of an oxygen, carbon dioxide, or ph imbalance such as confusion or difficulty breathing. The real value of an abg comes from its ability to provide a. But your doctor cant diagnose you based on an arterial blood gas test alone. This test measures the partial levels of these substances using a small blood sample. These measurements should be considered with the patients clinical features table 1.
Interpreting an arterial blood gas abg is a crucial skill for physicians, nurses, respiratory. A blood gas test requires the collection of a small sample of blood. This information indicates a patients acidbase balance, the effectiveness of their gas exchange and the state of their ventilatory. The bodys regulation of ph is influenced by both the respiratory and the. Differences are subtle but important on venous gas. Arterial blood gas interpretation the arterial blood gas provides the following values. Riley, bvsc, ms before discussing clinical cases we would like to present a brief recent history of developments in the area of acidbase and bloodgas analysis so some appreciationofthe efforts of those who have worked to simplify measurement techniques and clarify clinical. These include partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood paco2, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood pao2, bicarbonate levels hco3 in arterial blood and base excessdeficit. The test can measure how well the persons lungs and kidneys are working and how well the body is using energy. Arterial blood gas abg interpretation for medical students. Blood is drawn anaerobically from a peripheral artery radial, brachial, femoral, or dorsalis pedis via a single percutaneous needle puncture, or from an indwelling arterial cannula or catheter for multiple samples. We may be presented increasingly with venous blood gases 2. Blood can be drawn via an arterial stick from the wrist, groin, or above the elbow.
Arterial blood gases indications and interpretation. Interpretation of the arterial blood gas analysis 1. Arterial blood gas sampling society for acute medicine. Arterial blood gases test procedure a sample of blood from an artery is normally drawn from the inside of the wrist radial artery, but it can likewise be taken from an artery in the groin femoral artery or on the within the arm above the elbow crease brachial artery. The abg analysis is mainly used to evaluate gas exchange in the lungs. Interpretation of arterial blood gas pubmed central pmc. The process of analysis and monitoring of arterial blood gas abg is an essential part of diagnosing and managing the oxygenation status and.
Abg interpretation abg analysis arterial blood gases acidbase balance. Interpretation of the arterial blood gas emergencypedia. Abgs can aid medical diagnosis, but nurses may be the first clinical staff to receive the results. Some blood gas analyzers also measure the methemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and hemoglobin levels. Blood gases learn an organized approach to arterial blood gas analysis, incorporating serum and urine electrolyte values into your more advanced levels of analysis. The following should be monitored as part of arterial blood sampling. It explains each component in turn followed by clinical examples to work through. Heparin needs to be provided in a dry format to avoid dilution errors 3 important points about heparin sufficient concentration of heparin is needed. Arterial blood gases po 2 so 2 measured calculated pulse oximetry pco 2 ph bebd hco 3venous co 2 oxygenation ventilation acidbase. Most of us would like to use blood gas measurements as an index of the.
Abg interpretation a guide to understanding abgs geeky medics. Apr 03, 2020 an arterial blood gas requires the nurse to collect a small sample of blood generally, a full 1 ml. The most important points when assessing a patient are the history, examination and basic observations. The present article is an attempt for the simplified approach for the bedside interpretation of abg.
Analysis of arterial blood gases a comprehensive approach. A blood sample for abg analysis may be drawn by percutaneous arterial puncture from an arterial line. When one thinks of abg analysis, oxygenation may come to mind first. Weve created this guide, which aims to provide a structured approach to abg interpretation whilst also increasing your understanding of each results relevance. Description blood gases is a measurement of how much oxygen and carbon dioxide is in your blood. It is very useful laboratory test in patients with metabolic and respiratory. Arterial blood gas analysis is used to measure the ph and the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. While there is some evidence that venous and arterial ph, p co 2, and hco 3 may have sufficient agreement as to be clinically comparable in a variety of clinical settings, the venous blood gas vbg obtained from a central line should be considered a surrogate for arterial blood gas abg only in very specific clinical circumstances. Overview of thediscussion basics of acidbase balance. A primer on arterial blood gas analysis is a tutorial on how to interpret the results of arterial blood gas testing written by andrew m. Results of your arterial blood gas test usually are available in less than 15 minutes. Although no randomized controlled study has ever been performed evaluating the benefit of abg analysis in the intensive care unit icu, it is likely this technology stands alone as the diagnostic test which has had the greatest impact on the management of critically ill patients.
The respiratory parameter of the arterial blood gases is the a. Arterial blood gas abg interpretation for medical students, osces. Arterial blood gas abg analysis plays a pivotal role in the management of critically ill patients. Arterial blood gas abg interpretation for medical students, osces and mrcp paces this section presents how to interpret arterial blood gases. It provides a measure of oxygen diffusion across the alveoli into the blood. The investigation is relatively easy to perform and yields information that can guide the management of acute and chronic illnesses. The radial artery on the wrist is most commonly used to obtain the sample. The interpretation of arterial blood gases australian.
Arterial blood gas interpretation demystified physician assistant. Be able to demonstrate the technique for performing an arterial puncture. The following recommendations are made following the grading of recommendations assessment. Arterial blood gas abg analysis is an essential part of diagnosing and managing a patients oxygenation status and acidbase balance. The automated analysers measure the ph and the partial pressures of oxygen pao 2 and carbon dioxide paco 2 in arterial blood. While arterial blood gas measurements have become increasingly easy to obtain in recent years, their interpretation has become increasingly difficult, especially in the intensive care setting.
319 356 46 205 436 312 1214 241 319 1369 1236 661 65 1470 733 593 1024 747 1327 1238 1440 207 479 24 434 491 1219 24 1049 926 1324 178 421 241 806 842 663